CAPTOR: Lightning Protection Systems for Mobile Switching Centers Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Tools

Este proyecto se enfoca en la preservación de centros de datos y sistemas de conmutación móvil ante descargas atmosféricas. La estructura del proyecto comprende dos módulos operativos: determinación del nivel de riesgo y diseño de apantallamiento. El primer módulo incorpora un algoritmo diseñado para evaluar el nivel de riesgo del entorno a proteger, fundamentado en la normativa NTC 4552-2. Este algoritmo facilita la determinación del nivel de riesgo de la estructura a partir de los parámetros de entrada del usuario, generando como resultado las componentes contribuyentes al nivel de riesgo y el riesgo total asociado a la estructura.En cuanto al segundo módulo, se implementó un algoritmo encargado de diseñar el apantallamiento de la estructura conforme a la normativa NTC 4552-3. Este algoritmo tiene la capacidad de especificar la distancia máxima entre puntas captadoras, sugerir la cantidad de puntas a utilizar y proporcionar una representación gráfica de la disposición de las puntas en la estructura.Para verificar la eficacia de cada módulo de forma individual, se llevaron a cabo dos sesiones de prueba. En la primera fase, se utilizaron casos de estudio definidos por la normativa NTC 4552-2 con el fin de comparar los valores obtenidos por el algoritmo con los determinados por la normativa. En la segunda fase, se compartió el software del segundo módulo con expertos en apantallamiento y determinación de niveles de riesgo, quienes realizaron diversas pruebas para evaluar la veracidad de los resultados generados por el algoritmo.Ambas pruebas arrojaron resultados satisfactorios, demostrando la confiabilidad del algoritmo y su capacidad para proporcionar resultados precisos y coherentes.This project focuses on preserving data centers and mobile switching systems from atmospheric discharges. The project structure comprises two operational modules: risk level determination and shielding design. The first module incorporates an algorithm designed to assess the risk level of the environment to be protected, based on the NTC 4552-2 standard. This algorithm facilitates determining the risk level of the structure based on user input parameters, resulting in the components contributing to the risk level and the total risk associated with the structure.Regarding the second module, an algorithm was implemented to design the shielding of the structure following the NTC 4552-3 standard. This algorithm can specify the maximum distance between capture tips, suggest the quantity of tips to use, and provide a graphical representation of the tip arrangement on the structure.To verify the effectiveness of each module individually, two testing sessions were conducted. In the first phase, predefined case studies from the NTC 4552-2 standard were used to compare the values obtained by the algorithm with those determined by the standard. In the second phase, the software from the second module was shared with shielding and risk level determination experts, who conducted various tests to assess the accuracy of the algorithm-generated results. Both tests yielded satisfactory results, demonstrating the reliability of the algorithm and its ability to provide accurate and consistent outcomes

FriSol: Prototipo para la reducción de temperatura de un panel solar utilizando refrigeración por aire

Solar panels generate electrical energy using solar radiation, however, this same radiation also generates thermal energy on the surface of the solar panel, energy which can increase the operating temperature of the same, which reduces its efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents the design process under which a prototype capable of sensing and reducing the temperature of a solar panel located in the city of Barranquilla/Colombia where its main objective is to perform an automatic temperature measurement system and in turn reduce at least 1 ° C was made. This prototype has an intelligent system which presents a graphical interface that controls and monitors the temperature of the solar panel. The final prototype is capable of reducing the temperature of the panel between 2.03 °C to 4.97 °C. The temperature reduction of the solar panel will depend on the amount of solar radiation it receives while the control system is operating, being that the higher the radiation, the lower the temperature reduction.Los paneles solares generan energía eléctrica utilizando la radiación solar, sin embargo, esta misma radiación también genera energía térmica en la superficie del panel solar, energía la cual puede aumentar la temperatura de operación del mismo, lo cual reduce su eficiencia. Por lo anterior, este documento presenta el proceso de diseño bajo los cuales se realizó un prototipo capaz de censar y reducir la temperatura de un panel solar ubicado en la ciudad de Barranquilla/Colombia donde su principal objetivo es realizar un sistema de medición automático de temperatura y a su vez reducir al menos 1 °C. Este prototipo cuenta con un sistema inteligente el cual presenta una interfaz gráfica que controla y monitorea la temperatura del panel solar. El prototipo final es capaz de reducir la temperatura del panel entre 2.03 °C a 4.97 °C. La reducción de temperatura del panel solar dependerá de la cantidad de radiación solar que reciba este mientras el sistema de control se encuentre operando, siendo que a mayor radiación menor será su reducción de temperatura

1er workshop nacional: de investigación en la formación inicial de profesores de ciencias “reflexiones de la investigación formativa en ciencias mediada por contextos tecnológicos”

La vereda el Pensil del municipio de la Argentina, Huila, Colombia se caracteriza por sus cultivos de café, sin embargo, en estos habitan organismos como las serpientes y los murciélagos de los cuales se desconoce el valor biológico que tienen estos individuos y como consecuencia de esto atentan contra ellos destruyendo el equilibrio ecológico del ecosistema. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se planteó como objetivo de investigación generar conciencia ambiental a través de una experiencia significativa sobre la importancia biológica de los quirópteros y serpientes El proyecto de investigación se desarrolló a partir de guías por parte los estudiantes los cuales indagaron concepciones en torno a las serpientes y murciélagos, donde se conoció la visión de la comunidad acerca del papel ecológico que cumplen. Se evidenció el desconocimiento por parte de la comunidad pues se observa que el mayor porcentaje de personas no conocen la función de controladores de plagas de ambos organismos o las funciones polinizadoras y dispersoras de semillas de los murciélagos. En conclusión, la falta de educación ambiental puede llevar a que la comunidad genere desequilibrio biológico y atente contra especies que les genera cierto temor y que están rodeadas de mitos productos del conocimiento popular

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniero de SistemasIngeniero ElectricistaIngeniero ElectrónicoIngeniero IndustrialIngeniero Mecánic

Use of Telemedicine for Post-discharge Assessment of the Surgical Wound: International Cohort Study, and Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardised assessment tools are needed. Summary background data: Surgical site infection is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery. Methods: The primary outcome of this study was surgical site infection reported up to 30-days after surgery (SSI), comparing rates reported using telemedicine (telephone and/or video assessment) to those with in-person review. The first part of this study analysed primary data from an international cohort study of adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery who were discharged from hospital before 30-days after surgery. The second part combined this data with the results of a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis of all available data conducted in accordance with PRIMSA guidelines (PROSPERO:192596). Results: The cohort study included 15,358 patients from 66 countries (8069 high, 4448 middle, 1744 low income). Of these, 6907 (45.0%) were followed up using telemedicine. The SSI rate reported using telemedicine was slightly lower than with in-person follow-up (13.4% vs. 11.1%, P<0.001), which persisted after risk adjustment in a mixed-effects model (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.84, P<0.001). This association was consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including a propensity-score matched model. In nine eligible non-randomised studies identified, a pooled mean of 64% of patients underwent telemedicine follow-up. Upon meta-analysis, the SSI rate reported was lower with telemedicine (odds ratio: 0.67, 0.47-0.94) than in-person (reference) follow-up (I2=0.45, P=0.12), although there a high risk of bias in included studies. Conclusions: Use of telemedicine to assess the surgical wound post-discharge is feasible, but risks underreporting of SSI. Standardised tools for remote assessment of SSI must be evaluated and adopted as telemedicine is upscaled globally

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was$216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with$195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was$1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially